Writer business jobs

I'm in need of an expert script writer to develop scripts for my YouTube channel. The videos I create are aimed at a general audience, so the content should be engaging and informative. Key Responsibilities: - Develop motivational and educational scripts that are tailored for a general audience. - Ensure that the scripts are well-structured and compelling to increase viewer engagement. Ideal Candidate: - Prior experience in writing scripts for YouTube or other video platforms. - Strong ability to write engaging, educational content. - Understanding of how to structure a script for video format. - Familiarity with motivational content and its impact on the audience. - Excellent grammar and proofreading skills. The tone of the scripts should be informative and educationa...

As the organizer of an upcoming event, I am seeking an experienced content writer to craft a clear and engaging email for our traders. The purpose of this email is to provide detailed information about the event, allowing our traders to prepare effectively and maximize their engagement. With your help, I want to ensure this event is a success for all. The email should include: - The event's location and timing: Incorporate the event's date and time, as well as the venue name and address. - Nature of products/services needed at the event: Detail the types of products or services we are expecting from our traders. - Expectations from the traders: Provide information on what we are expecting from our traders in terms of participation or conduct. Ideally, you will have pr...

I am seeking a skillful writer to help create an accessible book that introduces barber techniques and tips for the general public, particularly those who are new to barbering. The ideal writer for this project should: - Have a clear understanding of barbering, its techniques, and terminologies - Be able to explain complex concepts in a simple, engaging manner catered towards beginners - Have excellent writing and communication skills with experience in instructional writing The final product should work as a comprehensive guide that breaks down the basics of barbering in a manner that's easy to understand for beginners. The audience should feel informed and engaged, developing a strong foundation in barbering techniques and practices.

I'm in need of a skilled writer to help me create a weekly blog series that will primarily involve reviewing fiction books. This is a trial period for four weeks. Ideal candidate should: - Be capable of creating engaging content that will keep the readers interested - Understand the nuances of book reviewing and be able to critique constructively - Have a good grasp of the fiction genre, with a keen interest in reading and analyzing this type of literature Each blog post should be between 500 and 1000 words. Your writing should be compelling, well structured, and free from grammatical errors. It is important that the content is unique and not copied from any other source. Your work will be reviewed weekly and should be submitted in a timely manner. The four-week trial per...

I am in need of a skilled accountant who can prepare a Profit and Loss statement, Balance Sheet, and Trial Balance. As a retail business owner, understanding our financial position is essential. Key responsibilities include: - Creating P&L statements - Drafting balance sheets - Concocting trial balances The ideal candidate would have experience in retail accounting, giving them the ability to understand the specific needs of my business quickly. Please note the frequency of this task is undetermined at this time, to be discussed after engagment. Your flexibility and willingness to adapt to change is important. I look forward to a productive partnership.

I'm seeking a content writer skilled in creating engaging website copy tailored to a senior audience (56 and above). The primary aim of this content will be to educate and inform. Therefore, the ideal freelancers should: - Have previous experience writing senior-friendly, informative content - Demonstrate an ability to make complex concepts easily understandable - Show a keen understanding of topics of interest to the senior demographic Content will largely be educational, so the ability to research, synthesize information and present it in a reader-friendly format is essential. Also, the writer needs to be sensitive to the challenges seniors face when online, such as readability and comprehension issues, hence, clarity and ease of navigation should be kept in mind. Pl...

I'm in need of a web application that leverages generative AI to assist with creating professional resumes. I already built a functional skeletons which consists of: , Stripe, Mailgun, Tailwind, NextAuth, MongoDB. Here are some key points to guide you on this project: - **Purpose**: The main intention of this app is to gen...in NodeJS, NextJS, generative AI, and web application development. A background in resume writing or HR could also be beneficial in understanding the nuances of what makes a good resume. Prior experience in creating similar applications or working on projects that involve AI content generation would be a definite plus. here's the requirements:

I am looking for an experienced and skilled profile writer to craft a professional LinkedIn profile for me. Key Elements: - The profile should be tailored for LinkedIn, maintaining a professional tone throughout. - It should highlight my career achievements, as well as my skills and endorsements. - Additionally, the profile should also touch on some of my personal projects and interests. Ideal Skills: - Proven experience in writing LinkedIn profiles, particularly in a professional setting. - Excellent understanding of what makes a LinkedIn profile engaging and effective. - Ability to highlight career achievements, skills, and personal projects in a professional and appealing manner. Please provide examples of previous LinkedIn profiles you've written, and share your s...

...REQUIREMENTS: - Increase Website Traffic: I need someone who can significantly increase the number of visitors to my website. This will require a deep understanding of SEO strategies, keyword research, and content optimization. - Improve Search Engine Rankings: It's crucial for my business to rank higher in search engine results. The freelancer should have a proven record of improving search engine rankings for other clients. - Generate More Leads: Ultimately, I need the SEO service to drive more leads to my business, converting website traffic into potential customers. IDEAL SKILLS: - Profound experience in SEO: The right candidate should have a strong background in SEO, with a track record of successful projects. - Knowledge of Services Industry: Understanding of t...

I'm looking for a talented writer with a knack for research to create a comprehensive Wikipedia article about a specific brand. As a beginner freelancer, you should be eager to sift through available resources to distill essential information. Don't worry, I am patient and willing to guide the right person. You should demonstrate: - Ability to follow Wikipedia's strict content guidelines. - Strong research skills. - Basic understanding of brand marketing. - Some level of experience with Wikipedia article creation, though not necessarily extensive. This project requires accurate content, so attention to detail is a must. You might be a good fit if you're technology-oriented, have great English language skills, and you're ready to immerse yourself in the...

As a passionate storyteller, I'm seeking a skilled writer who can help me with a fictional essay. Specifically: - The project involves crafting an intriguing fictional essay. - The essay should be concise and impactful, requiring less than 500 words. Ideally, you will be: - Experienced in creative writing, particularly in the realm of fiction. - Capable of delivering an engaging, well-structured story in a limited word count. - Keen on bringing characters to life and creating compelling narratives. Let’s weave together a captivating fiction tale in under 500 words!

I'm seeking a capable Polish interpreter to communicate with customers during a fair. The successful candidate should be proficient in English, Russian or German and have a comprehensive understanding and experience of business conversations. • Ideal Skills: - Interpretation fluency in Polish (native level) and English - Basic understanding of electric or electronics - Have translation experience.

Job Description: We are seeking a highly skilled and knowledgeable Technical Writer / E-Learning Course Developer to join our team. The ideal candidate will be responsible for developing comprehensive fitness courses aimed at achieving accreditation. This role requires a deep understanding of accreditation standards and the ability to produce a wide range of educational materials. Responsibilities: -Develop and write curriculum, student manuals, workbooks, PPT slides and workplace logbooks tailored to fitness courses. -Create a portfolio of evidence to demonstrate practical competencies and learning outcomes. -Using bloom Taxonomy -Design the course using illustrations, charts, pictures, graph and course format and implement assessments and quizzes that align with accreditation ...

Looking content write for longterm write content for SEO

I need a professional business plan for my real estate company. Its a start up business. Please include everything in the business. Financial projections should be 1 year. I will decide the name of my business later. I want you to complete it by tomorrow. My budget is $15.

As a business owner, I'm seeking a seasoned Internet Business Consultant. My main focus areas for improvement are online marketing and e-commerce functionality. Key Responsibilities: - Develop an effective Internet Marketing Plan for a few of my websites - Enhance the current e-commerce functionality and boost online sales - Increase website traffic through various strategies Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record of successful online marketing campaigns - Strong experience in e-commerce functionality and strategy - Expertise in SEO, social media advertising, and email marketing - Ability to provide strategic advice on achieving specified goals Your work should be geared towards making my websites more profitable, ensuring they get more traff...

I'm in need of a skilled animator to create a series of short 3D animations for advertisement purposes. The target audience for these clips are business professionals. Key Requirements: - 3D Animation: The animations are expected to be in 3D. - Advertisement Focus: The animations should be tailored towards promoting a product or service. - Target Audience: The clips should appeal to business professionals. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in 3D animation software. - Previous experience in creating advertisement animations. - Understanding of the business professional audience. - Strong creativity and storytelling skills.

I'm in need of a savvy blog writer who can help me create appealing content that focuses on the latest technology trends. This job requires: - SEO expertise: To make sure our posts reach the right people and improve search engine rankings. - Knowledge in technology: You don't necessarily have to be a tech guru, but being familiar with current technology trends and having a genuine interest in the field will be a plus. - Exceptional writing skills: I'm looking for someone who can craft engaging, informative posts that will grab my audience's attention and keep them coming back for more. Ultimately, the aim is to increase website traffic and engage my target audience efficiently. Proven experience in similar tasks will be highly considered. I'm excited to ...

I'm in need of a professional, eye-catching flyer/brochure that highlights our company's services, particularly focusing on business loans and working capital loans. Our target audience comprises small businesses, so the design should appeal to this demographic. Key Points: - The primary aim of the flyer is to promote our company's services to small business owners. - The design must be professional, engaging and ideally suited for small businesses. - The flyer should highlight our services such as business loans, working capital loans, two-wheeler loans and the appointment of Direct Selling Agents (DSA). - The design should be informative and persuasive, encouraging potential clients to reach out to us. Ideal Skills: - Prior experience in designing m...

I'm in need of an exceptional business plan writer, especially with experience in the cafe or restaurant industry. The plan is intended to secure a lease for a small, theme-based cafe. The ideal candidate should be familiar with the specifics required in this process, and be adept in the following areas: - Identifying and articulating the uniqueness and profitability of a theme-based cafe model - Developing a comprehensive financial plan considering the size and theme of the cafe - Understanding how to maximize a small space (less than 500 square feet) for functionality and customer appeal - Exhibiting excellent writing and business analysis skills to ensure the cafe's viability appears attractive Your expertise will greatly contribute to the success of ...

... The main topic of the presentation is 'Business and Finance'. The information should be a high-level overview, so it should not get bogged down with too many intricate details. A clean, professional and engaging design is imperative. The presentation should be structured in such a way that it's easy for the audience to follow and understand the main concepts in the field of Business and Finance. The presentation is a monthly project progress report for an engineering project. The audience is the senior management of the company. I need the freelancer to have a contribution to the content, as well. However, the directions for the content will come from me Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Strong understanding of Business ...

I am seeking a skilled freelancer to create a business-focused PowerPoint presentation that will be targeted toward managers. The primary purpose of this presentation is to be used in an interview. -Skills and Experience Needed: * Proficiency in PowerPoint / Keynote * Solid understanding of business terminology and concepts * Proven track record in creating engaging presentations for a managerial audience * Proficient in English language and business communication -Task Guidelines: * The presentation must be professional, precise, and captivating * It needs to effectively communicate business concepts and data * The design should be clean and not overly complicated Your primary task will be to transform my business ideas into a well-stru...

I'm looking for a writer to create a blog centered around the concerns of health today and benefits of supplements, primarily targeting the health-conscious demographic. Key Details: - The blog should focus on the benefits of supplements, while also providing relevant, scientifically-backed information to support these claims. - The tone should be engaging and informative, catering to a health-conscious audience. - The blog should be well-researched, and ideally include information on various types of supplements and their benefits, as well as general guidelines on proper dosage and usage. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Strong background in health and wellness, particularly in supplements - Excellent research and writing skills - Experience in creating engaging and informativ...

I'm seeking a talented AI expert to develop a comprehensive resume writer site and app. This platform will serve as an indispensable tool for creating personalized resumes. Ideal candidates for this project should possess strong skills in AI development, web and mobile app development, and user experience design. **Core Features:** - **Resume Templates:** Design and implement a variety of customizable resume templates to cater to different job industries and levels of experience. - **Resume Customization Options:** Incorporate AI-driven suggestions for resume customization, helping users to tailor their resumes to specific job postings or industries. - **Import/Export Resume:** Enable users to easily import their existing resumes and export the newly created ones in vari...

I need expertise in writing fascinating content specifically targeted around business proposals and official letters for the non-profit and sports sectors. As these communications will be going out to clients, investors, and government agencies, high professionalism and understanding of these niche sectors are key. The clarity of ideas and coherent structure are paramount in such writings. Ideal Skills: - Previous experience in writing official letters and business proposals - Strong understanding of non-profit management or sports industry - Excellent written communication skills - Ability to target different audiences, from clients to government agencies - Attention to detail and commitment to deadline

I am looking for a talented writer who can help narrate my life story in a way that is not only engaging but also inspiring. This autobiography is meant to be an inspirational piece that's accessible to the general public. The primary focus of this project is to highlight the application of God's Word in one's life. Key Requirements: - Experience in writing inspirational content - Strong understanding of storytelling techniques - Proven ability to work with faith-based narratives - Sensitivity towards the theme of religion in the story Your role in this project will not just be to write my life story, but to bring out the essence of how God's Word has guided and impacted my journey. If you have experience in writing similar works or you are confident in your ab...

I'm seeking a knowledgeable course writer with expertise in real estate risk management. Given that this course is intended for those at an intermediate level, it should go beyond basic concepts and principles. Key Responsibilities: - I will supply a login and password to watch a 3 hour course on risk management in real estate. - You would take that knowledge and write a course via word doc. - From the written course via word doc based on course you watched and other knowledge and research you would create a PowerPoint consisting of 3 hours of learning material. - You will create a quiz half way and final test at end for students to use that can model after the 3 hour course you watch. - You should include a page on industry insights - Ensure material is easily understanda...

Hello, I have different companies where I need same service. What I need: - Website Content for 1 website (Refresh the text) - Weekly blog posting on web (3 Websites) - Newsletter to our customer, to stay in touch with them (3 Websites) - Different kind of content work. We are looking for someone who has the experience with the English language. We are not looking for people who use AI. We are looking for person, who can understand the each projects, and then create complete new text according to our strategy and needs. The text should also be SEO friendly, so you need to have experience with SEO aswell. We will need to see reference, before we continue with anyone.

I am looking for a skilled and experienced graphic designer to create a logo for our business promo. This logo will be used across our website, social media platforms, and in print materials, so it needs to be versatile to adjust to different formats. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven work experience in graphic design - Strong portfolio with similar industry jobs - Proficient in graphic design software - Strong aesthetic skills with the ability to mix colors, sizes and layouts Your application should include: - Past work, particularly those done for similar industries - Brief explanation of your design process Looking forward to seeing your amazing designs!

I am in search of a talented and experienced freelance technical writer. I need someone who is proficient in creating high-quality technical content. Key Requirements: - Expertise in technical writing - Ability to create engaging and easy-to-understand content - A solid understanding of various technical subjects - A strong grasp of grammar and punctuation - Proficient in proofreading and editing - Experience in writing for various platforms This role is ideal for a professional who can work independently, meet deadlines, and deliver top-notch technical content.

I'm urgently seeking a professional writer who can assist me in completing a prestigious national artist fellowship application. In total I have to write 4 questions around 300 words each. The selected freelancer will need to have: - Proven experience in grant writing, ideally in the arts sector - Understands contemporary art language. - Excellent communication skills and attention to detail - Accurately build a cohesive application I'm on a tight schedule, so I need someone who can start right away and deliver quality work promptly. Please include any relevant experience you have in your proposal. Thank you.

...engaging content for LinkedIn accounts Key Requirements: - **Engagement Focused**: The main goal of this project is to increase engagement, not just followers or connections. - **Industry Knowledge**: My target audience comprises professionals in a specific industry. It's crucial that you understand this audience's needs, interests, and language. - **Volume**: I intend to post daily; thus, I need a writer who can create quality content consistently. Ideal Skills: - Industry Understanding: Prior experience in the industry or the ability to quickly grasp its dynamics would be a huge plus. - LinkedIn Expertise: Familiarity with LinkedIn's posting dynamics and best practices for engagement is preferred. - Consistency: Demonstrated ability to maintain quality across...

As a financial author and lecturer, I am seeking a knowledgeable and adept writer who knows the ins and outs of AI technology. I need quality, easy-to-understand white papers and ebooks written regarding personal finance tips for retirees, with a particular focus on investments, taxation and estate planning. Key Responsibilities: * Penning AI-generated white papers and ebooks on estate planning for retirees. These should be comprehensive, enlightening, and engaging. Ideal Requirements: * Profound grasp of AI technology * Knowledgeable in personal finance, investments, taxation and estate planning * Previous experience writing for retirees and/or in the financial realm * Able to present complex financial concepts in an understandable and approachable manner. Your wo...

I am in need of a proficient SEO content writer with a knack for digital marketing to help increase the organic traffic on my website. Key Project Requirements: * Adequate experience in writing SEO optimized content. * Solid understanding of how to balance keywords, yet maintaining excellent content quality. * Immediate availability, as I need this project completed ASAP. Please note that the SEO content primarily focuses on driving traffic to my site. Although the specific themes have not been concretely identified, the possibility of focusing on product promotion, company background and industry developments might come to play. Ideal Skills and Experience: * Demonstrable experience in SEO content writing. * Excellent understanding of digital marketing and Google ranking fact...

I'm looking for a freelancer who can create a unique and professional logo for my business. The design should be versatile, timeless, and easily recognizable. Key Requirements: - A unique and professional logo design - Versatile and timeless - Easily recognizable Please include your past work in logo design in the application. Looking forward to seeing your proposals.

I need a list of 5,000 unique contacts in the United States of Businesses that meet the following criteria: 1. Service Based (Consulting, Coaching, Accounting, Legal, Event Management, Engineering, Financial Services, Insurance) 2. Less than 5 years old 2. Less than 5 employees The file should contain: 1. Company Name 2. Industry 3. First Name 4. Last Name 5. Title 6. Phone Number 7. Email Address 8. City 9. State/Province

I'm looking for a skilled Urdu Rap Lyrics writer to help me pen down a few tracks based on some personal experiences, with the primary intention being to convey aggression through the lyrics. Key requirements: - Experience in writing Urdu Rap Lyrics: Previous experience in writing rap lyrics in Urdu is a must. Please be ready to provide samples of your past work. - Understanding of Aggressive Tone: Ability to understand the essence of aggression and convey it effectively in the lyrics. - Creativity: I need someone who can bring a fresh, innovative perspective to the lyrics. I'm looking for someone who can not only deliver high-quality lyrics but also has a genuine interest in the music genre. The project involves crafting 1-5 rap lyrics. If you think you're the righ...

I'm in urgent need of an informed and well-written paper on Business Law subject. Notwithstanding, the focus can range throughout the whole spectrum of the subject but should still remain tightly knit and coherent. The ideal candidate should be able to: - Dive deep into the topic of Business Law. - Present an erudite and concise analysis, maintaining excellent grammar and structure throughout. - Turn around this project ASAP. Strong research skills and a background in law, particularly Business Law, are a must for this project. Even better if you can provide samples of similar works you've completed in the past. Looking forward to your bids.

Need a business plan for renewable energy (plastic recycling) for small project in the city of Houston Texas.

I'm looking for an experienced resume writer who can help me craft a fresh, impactful resume to accelerate my job hunt. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven expertise in resume writing, especially for the technology and healthcare industries. - Understanding the nuances of chronological resumes and how to optimize them for job applications. - Ability to highlight key skills and experiences effectively, making my resume stand out in the competitive tech and healthcare fields. - Familiarity with current job market trends and recruiter preferences in these industries. Key Deliverables: - A revised, polished version of my chronological resume, tailored specifically for job applications in the technology and healthcare sectors. - A document that captures and showcases my experie...

I'm in need of a skilled writer who can create a sci-fi drama screenplay set in a futuristic world about a white male doctor in his 50's who finally gets to be the hero. He is respectable and kind with sad eyes. We can talk more detail. The screenplay should be a Feature film with a length of 90-120 pages. Key Requirements: - Genre: Sci-fi and Drama - Length: 90-120 pages - Setting: Futuristic world Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experience in writing screenplays, particularly in the sci-fi or drama genres. - Ability to craft engaging dialogue that fits the tone and setting of the screenplay. - A solid understanding of the intricacies of the sci-fi genre, particularly in relation to world-building. - A keen grasp of the dramatic elements necessary for a compelling story....

I'm in need of an experienced Grant Writer, specifically one with a track record in securing funds for environmental/ Community projects, veterans, and small businesses. Your role will include researching, preparing, and submitting persuasive proposals for projects/initiatives. Here's what I need: - Proven experience writing successful grant proposals, preferably in the mentioned sectors - Knowledgeable in attaining funds for projects or initiatives - In-depth understanding of the grant application process - You'll be paid on a contingency basis, so your earnings will be a percentage of the grant if approved. The motivation being the more money you secure the more you’ll get paid and the opportunity to do this kinda work and more profitable grants. Strong prof...

I need an experienced Japanese to English translator for my business meeting in Osaka on the 24th of April. The meeting will last a full day, so I need someone who is able to maintain focus and quality throughout the duration. Key Requirements: - Full-day availability on 24th April in Osaka - Proficient in translating legal documents and business plans - Able to accurately translate legal terminology and a Legal sales purchase agreement that will be discussed during the meeting. Please apply only if you have experience in business translation and can handle all these requirements effectively.

I'm seeking an experienced grant writer to develop a comprehensive application for the Commonwealth Home Support Programme (CHSP) Grant. My project primarily focuses on allied health deliver, specifically for elderly individuals living independently. Key responsibilities will include: - Researching the unique health needs and challenges of independently living elderly individuals. - Aligning our program's outcomes with the goals of the CHSP Grant criteria. - Drafting a compelling narrative that emphasizes our commitment towards improving health awareness among the elderly. - Creating a budget for grant application/funding use The ideal freelancer for this task would have experience in grant writing, preferably with a focus on healthcare or aged care. They should also po...

I am looking for a professional graphic designer who can create a sleek and innovative business card that goes beyond the conventional. While I didn't specify my company colors, I welcome the use of colors that complement and enhance the overall design. Key tasks: - Understanding the nature and philosophy of my business to inform the design process - Designing a business card that is both visually appealing and informative - Incorporating my existing company logo into the business card design Ideal applicants should provide detailed project proposals, showcasing their creativity and understanding of my project's requirements. And while experience in graphic design is important, I place great value on creativity and originality. You need to demonstra...

I'm looking for a talented writer with a solid understanding of framing theory. The ideal candidate will be able to craft a compelling news article for radio that delves into the concepts of framing effects and media framing. Key focus areas for this project include: - **Framing Theory**: You should have a good understanding of the principles and implications of framing theory. - **Framing Effects**: The article should explore and explain the different framing effects, particularly priming, agenda setting, and cultural framing. - **Radio Adaptation**: Your writing style should be well-suited for a radio broadcast. The article should be engaging and easily digestible for a radio audience. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - **Strong Writing Skills**: You should...

I have a challenging business case study related to budget/business/finance/pricing/strategy etc is necessary to crack open the case study. Ideally, you can grasp financial analysis and have an understanding of budgeting principles to fully comprehend the context better. Your task does not only entail understanding the case study, but also providing comprehensive solutions and recommendations catered toward advanced pricing strategies. You have to apply your in-depth knowledge in the area and think strategically to fulfill the project objectives. Consequently, individuals with experience or expertise in strategic pricing, financial analysis, budgeting, and related areas are highly valued for this project. Your analysis, insights, and creative thinking are very much needed.

I'm looking for a talented writer who can craft a Wikipedia article for me. This will be a personal project, aimed at informing the public about my career as a politician. I have personal anecdotes and stories that I'd like to include in the article. Key Responsibilities: - Create a Wikipedia article that is informative - Incorporate personal anecdotes and stories that I provide Ideal Skills and Experience: - Experienced in Wikipedia article creation - Strong understanding of the Wikipedia guidelines and standards - Excellent writing skills - Ability to craft a compelling narrative from provided anecdotes - Familiarity with writing about political figures or careers would be a plus

I'm looking for a seasoned copywriter to create an engaging online ad targeting college students. The main aim of this ad is to attract potential hires. Key Responsibilities: - Develop persuasive content that appeals directly to the college demographic - Incorporate company messaging, tone and style into the ad copy Skills & Experience: - Proven experience in ad copywriting - Strong understanding of the college market and their behaviors online - Prior work in recruitment advertising will be a major plus Your ultimate goal will be to create an ad that not only stands out but also inspires college students to explore job opportunities with us. Let's make hiring happen!

I need a trained medical writer with a specialty in cardiovascular medicine, specifically heart diseases, to develop investor education materials. These will be tailored for institutional investors and family offices. Duties will include: - Gathering and analyzing the latest research and data on heart diseases - Conveying this information in an accessible and engaging way for an audience without a medical background - Focusing on the practical implications and investment potential of recent developments in heart disease treatments and prevention The ideal freelancer for this project would have: - A background in both medicine and finance or experience translating medical information for a non-medical audience - Previous experience writing investor education materials or similar c...