Audio signal processing net development jobs

I'm in need of a competent developer who can create a Telegram bot. The bot will have specific design requirements that I'd like you to adhere to. The project involves: - Developing a Telegram bot with the functionalities I'll detail upon hiring. - Implementing the specific design and branding requirements I'll provide. - Ensuring the bot is user-friendly and efficient in its operations. Can be connected to TON wallet The ideal freelancer for this project should have: - Proficiency in developing Telegram bots. - A good understanding of branding and design principles. - Strong communication skills to ensure a smooth workflow and understanding of the design requirements. If you're confident you can fulfill these requirements, please place a bid. I'm lookin...

...we are seeking a talented grant writer to help us secure funding. Specifically, we are targeting non-profit grants that will allow us to expand our community development efforts. Key Responsibilities: - Identify and collate potential grant opportunities suitable for our organization's purposes. - Draft persuasive and compelling grant proposals that align with our work in community development. - Ensure all proposals are submitted within the specified time frames and meet the requirements of each grant application. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proven track record in securing non-profit grants, specifically for community development projects. - Strong understanding of the grant-making process, with experience in writing successful grant proposals. - Excellent...

...Filter by Specifications: There should be a feature that allows users to filter parts based on specifications. The site should be sleek, modern, and easy to navigate. It should also be optimized for mobile use. Please note, I don't have any specific color scheme or branding preferences, so you'll have creative freedom in that regard. Ideal skills for this project include: - Proficiency in web development - Experience in developing similar navigation systems - Knowledge of user experience and user interface design - Ability to optimize websites for mobile use If you think you're the right person for the job, please get in touch. Examples https://www.amayama.c

I am on the hunt for a talented web software developer to help bring my 3D printing platform concept to life. Envisioned as the Uber of manufacturing, this softwa...tracking: An in-built order tracking system to keep users updated on the status of their print jobs is an integral part of the software. The platform will also need to support multiple 3D model file formats, specifically STL, OBJ, and AMF. We already have a figma layout of the platform in place for you to develop a demo from. Ideal developers will possess a strong background in web software development, a good understanding of 3D printing technology, and a knack for creating intuitive, user-friendly interfaces. Proficiency in multiple coding languages, particularly those essential for 3D modelling, would be a distinct ...

I am seeking an expert to develop a Yolov8 model for object detection. The model will be deployed on an RGB camera and should provide the following output: - Bounding box coordinates for detected human - Object labels - Confidence scores All graphs etc The key skills and experience required for this job include: - Proficiency in Yolov8 model development - Strong background in object detection - Experience with camera deployment - Understanding of output formatting for object detection models Please apply if you have the necessary skills and experience to deliver this project effectively.

I'm in need of a talented developer who can create an application that collects data from a domestic News API channel in both Hindi and English, and then converts...Implementing an efficient and effective algorithm to summarize the news into 100 words - Ensuring the summarization process takes place in real-time - Optimizing the application for high performance The frequency for data collection from the News API should be every 15 minutes. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in working with APIs and data collection - Strong background in natural language processing and summarization algorithms - Previous experience in developing real-time applications - Familiarity with both Hindi and English languages is a plus - High proficiency in the programming language required ...

I'm looking to add UPI features to my desktop application created with C# .Net. This will involve replicating the encryption and decryption used in major UPI apps, as well as integrating with multiple UPI payment providers and banks. The main features I'm aiming to incorporate are: - Check balance: The application should be able to retrieve and display the user's account balance. - Register: Provide a seamless registration process for new users. - Check pending UPI requests: Show the user any pending requests that require their action. - Approve payment requests: Allow users to approve UPI payment requests. - List of bank added: Display a list of banks that have been added to the user's account. - Data store/retrieve should be in json. -use httpclient ...

Proposal for GCC Tax Laws GPT Development Introduction We aim to revolutionize how businesses handle compliance with GCC tax laws—introducing GCC TAX LAWS GPT, a groundbreaking AI-powered tool designed to streamline GCC Tax Laws processes and save you time and money. We are looking for an eligible and experienced programmer to develop and implement the AI and GPT platforms. The developer must understand AI requirements and develop AI functionalities in GCC tax laws. The Challenge GCC Tax Laws and regulations can be complex and ever-changing. Manually navigating these complexities can be time-consuming, prone to errors, and lead to costly penalties. The term GCC stands for Gulf Country Council, which brings six Gulf nations together, i.e., Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi A...

I'm in search of a proficient developer to build an eCommerce application solely for iOS using the Flutter framework. This project has key technical requirements including: • iOS Compatibility: The app needs to be developed and thoroughly tested for iOS. • E-commerce Functionality: The core purpose of the app is to facilitate online shopping. The app should primarily feature: - Shopping cart functionality: Users should be able to add items to their cart and proceed to checkout. - Product Search: A robust and intuitive search function is necessary for users to find and select products effectively. - Customer Reviews and Ratings: An integral part of the app is a system for customers to rate and review the products. The ideal candidate for this role would have a ...

...with the Pico once connected. This functionality does not need to be built within this prototype. * Pico Reboot and Re-connection: After interacting with the Pico, it will reboot, causing its Wi-Fi network to disappear. The app should gracefully handle this by automatically reconnecting to the user's previous Wi-Fi network (home or office). Project Scope: This project focuses solely on the development of the aforementioned functionalities. Integration with any existing API calls within the main application is outside the scope of this project. Any additional features or functionalities beyond the core requirements will be handled by me after the prototype is complete. Technical Requirements: * Programming Language: Kotlin * Framework: Jetpack Compose * Dependency Injecti...

We need someone to build web app for question and answers with reports generator + some statistic graphs. multi users rolls. multi language admin area to manage everything responsive layout and user friendly dont have any specific design we are open for Idea thanks please make sure you read details before bid thanks

I am in need of a seasoned Android app developer to bring my vision to life. I need to deploy my ap to playstore, am looking for a developer to buid my source code app to apk and deploy it on playstore

I'm in need of a professional software engineer who can craft a sophisticated travel organizer for us. The project will consist of both a ...It's crucial for the software to include a robust trip planning feature that enables users to schedule and organize their travel plans efficiently. - Expense Management: Implementing a reliable and user-friendly expense management system is an essential aspect of the project. The ideal candidate should have a strong background in software engineering, particularly in Angular for the frontend and .net for the backend. Previous experience in developing similar projects, especially in the travel industry, will be a huge advantage. It's also important for the freelancer to have good problem-solving skills, as well as the ability to...

I am looking for an expert to assist in developing a precision landing system for an ArduPilot drone using a specific camera model. 1. Integration of Camera System: Utilize a high-resolution camera to capture real-time images for landing guidance. The camera is already configured on the drone, and we aim to use visual cues (specifically, an ArUco marker) for precise landing. 2. Code For onboard computer: Code to process visual data and execute precision landings autonomously on rpi4 . 3. Testing and Validation: Conduct rigorous tests to ensure the system's reliability and accuracy in various operational scenarios. We expect this project to be completed within 1 weeks from the start date.

I'm in need of a skilled developer with expertise in Yii framework to add new functionality to our existing system that serves a financial services purpose. The successful candidate will be responsible for implementing the following features: - Add menu new menu items using the language file - Bank statement mapping - Bank statement import - Bank statement transaction allocation A full specification is available for the selected candidate. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Proficiency in Yii framework - Strong PHP skills I look forward to your proposal for this project.

...be utilized to increase engagement and improve brand awareness in the long run. - Since the type and format of the content has been left unspecified, it would be ideal if you can show versatility and flexibility in handling a variety of formats. - Your role will essentially be creating an AI system that can generate captivating and engaging content. - Ideal skills include proficiency in AI development, innovation, and a keen understanding of diverse content forms. Though the delivery format for the content was not specified, you should be able to work and deliver content in multiple formats including text, image, and video. If you demonstrate excellence in this project, circumstances permitting, you might be a top consideration for ongoing work. Contact me with your reper...

...be a central tool in generating leads and attracting clients. It needs to be optimized for lead generation. - Service Information: The website should also provide comprehensive information about the services we offer. the file should be in pdf. Target Style: The style of the website should be Modern and Sleek, reflecting our brand's image. Ideal Skills and Experience: - Proficiency in web development, with a strong portfolio of other websites - Experience in creating websites that drive lead generation - Understanding of modern and sleek design principles, with a knack for creating engaging user experiences - Familiarity with best practices in showcasing creative work in a portfolio - Previous experience in working with creative agencies would be a plus, but not mandato...

I have a software company in Turkey and I placed this ad because my international team has a high workload. After this project, I am looking for honest and talented people to include in my international talented team. To create a different real estate website for users in Turkey, focused on both residential and commercial real estate, with membership features (standard membership to publish advertisements, lawyer members providing assurance to the parties in buying and selling). leasing transactions and signing of contracts between the parties). I need a talented web developer for . Basic Required Features: - Property Listing: The website must have the ability to list and display various properties. - Search Functionality: Users should be able to easily search and filter through thes...

I am looking for an experienced WordPress developer who can help with a specific issue related to Razorpay integration. Key Requirements: - The website is set up with Razorpay for payment processing. - When a voucher is applied, I need the credit card discount to be automatically removed. Ideal Skills: - Proficient in WordPress development. - Extensive experience with Razorpay payment gateway. - Understanding of payment handling in e-commerce. - Previous experience with voucher and discount management. Please note that the job does not require additional payment options besides credit card on Razorpay.

I need the creation of an Android app that functions as an EV Charging Station Locator. This app will include: - Charging Station Locator. - Real-Time Availability. - Booking and Reservations -User Accoun...Locator. This app will include: - Charging Station Locator. - Real-Time Availability. - Booking and Reservations -User Accounts and Profiles -Notifications and Alerts -Feedback and Reviews Features for Station Owners:* -Station Management Dashboard -Station Listings and Profiles -Booking Management -Communication and Support This project requires a freelancer highly skilled in Android app development. Experience in integrating Geolocation and e-commerce is vital. Also, the ability to incorporate user review systems is crucial. Knowledge of the EV industry will be considered...

I'm looking for a skilled programmer familiar with Amibroker and proficient in developing AFL scripts. The goal is to create a script that can perform technical analysis, generate trading signals, and back-test various strategies based on key indicators, and to be backtested in Indonesia market (IDX index). Key Requirements: - Development of an Amibroker Formula Language (AFL) script - Inclusion of specific technical indicators such as Moving averages, ADX, Supertrend, PSAR, and OBV - Use of 20 years of historical data for back-testing - Proficiency in technical analysis and understanding of trading signals The final script should allow for back-testing of various strategies over a 20-year historical data period, using the specified indicators. I'm also interested in inc...

I am seeking a proficient Zoho developer ...developer to implement workflow automation into my current Zoho CRM. The key tasks for this project: * Designing and implementing a seamless workflow automation within the existing Zoho CRM to streamline business operations. Skills & Experience: * Comprehensive Zoho developer experience is paramount. * Proven record of successful implementation of workflow automation. * Proficiency in CRM Development is beneficial. In your application, please include a detail of your Zoho developer experience to demonstrate your capacity to complete this project. Please do not include past work or detailed project proposals, as I am particularly interested in your prior hands-on experience. Your expertise in Zoho is what will distinguish you in...

I'm looking for an experienced developer versed in creating add-ins for Outlook 2019. Our project's goal is to design an add-in that effortlessly integrates with our in-house AI platform, developed on Windows OS, to improve the email workflow by providing intelligent features: - Primarily, the add-in will support Email Response Suggestions, offering smart, context-aware auto-replies to facilitate day-to-day correspondences. Ideal Skills: - Proficiency in Microsoft Outlook - Strong knowledge of AI integration - Outstanding problem-solving abilities - Familiarity with Windows OS programming.

I am in need of a skilled web developer to create a website for my Stock Market Algo Trading system. The website will serve as the interface for the system and must have the foll...to: - Automate Trading Decisions: The system will automatically execute trades based on predefined criteria. - Analyze Market Data: It will continuously monitor and analyze market data to inform trading decisions. - Backtest Trading Strategies: The system must be able to backtest various trading strategies using past data. Ideal skills and experience for this job include: - Proficiency in web development, particularly with e-commerce websites. - Experience in designing and implementing contact forms and image galleries. - Familiarity with stock market trading and algorithmic trading systems would be a ...

I'm looking to build a brand that resonates with both consumers and businesses, underlining key messages of quality and reliability. It's critical that the brand embodies the core value of professionalism, setting it apart in the competitive market space. What I'm seeking: - Branding expert with experience in developing brands that speak to diverse audiences. - Ability to create a brand persona that authentically communicates our ethos of reliability and high-quality offerings. - Proven track record in infusing a brand with a solid sense of professionalism. - Strategic thinker who can help make this brand a trusted name.

I am in search of a proficient developer to create a comprehensive digital signage software solution, c... This software should support the following functionalities: - Content scheduling and management - Remote content deployment - Customise/Drag and Drop or Canva-like functions - Easy setup and management of software - A streamlined process The ideal software should support various media types including images and videos. I prefer a candidate with an extensive background in software development, particularly with similar digital signage solutions. An exceptional understanding of user interface design and ability to provide an intuitive, user-friendly system is crucial. Efficiency, accuracy, and attention to detail are a must for this project. Text me here for pre-qual...

I'm looking for a task-oriented individual who can assist me with saving documents from an online database. Your assignment would primarily revolve around focusing on documents and seamlessly saving them off. Key responsibilities: - Download documents with my full permissions. - Make sure that all downloaded files are in audio file format and labelled correctly. The ideal candidate will have: - Relevant experience and proficiency in saving files to dropbox. - Excellent attention to detail ensuring the correct files are stored. May be 1-2 days of work.

...full-stack developer who can help me create an educational website. This website has to be interactive and dynamic. I need various features like user login and registration, interactive quizzes and assessments, and the ability to host video tutorials. My aim is to create an engaging platform for learners. Ideal Skills: - Full Stack Development Experience - Proficiency in Front-end and Back-end Technologies - Experience in E-commerce or Interactive Website Development The core requirements for this project include: - Designing an interactive and modern user interface - Implementing user registration and login functionalities - Developing a system for creating and delivering interactive quizzes and assessments - Integrating video tutorials into the website - Ensuring smoot...

...sales and marketing to help me expand market reach. Key Responsibilities: - Develop and execute sales and marketing strategies - Identify and target potential customers - Build and maintain customer relationships - Contribute to the overall growth of the business Ideal Candidate: - Proven experience in sales and marketing, preferably in the publishing sector - Strong understanding of business development principles - Excellent communication and negotiation skills - Results-driven and able to work towards expanding our market reach - Familiarity with current market trends and competitor activities Your primary aim will be growing our market reach and reach to potential client. If you can help us achieve this, I'd love to hear from you. Note: This is target based job. Only...

I'm looking for a mobile app developer to help me create an Android a...to sign up and create an account, as well as to log in to their existing account securely. Ideal Skills and Experience - Prior experience with Android app development is essential. - Knowledge of implementing user registration and login features in mobile applications. - Good understanding of security protocols and encryption for user data. - UI/UX design experience is a plus to ensure a clean and user-friendly interface. - Previous work with apps involving user data management and permissions will be highly valued. Please include in your proposal any relevant work samples or portfolio showcasing your previous Android app development projects. Your bid should also include an estimated timeline for...

We wants to develop a website in Mendix Code. Please contact us for the same.

I am seeking a competent freelancer with exceptional skills in Python, data science, AI and image processing, to undertake a pixel prediction project. Key Task: - Implement a transformer-based pixel prediction using Python with a focus on image data. Key Deliverables: - Leverage your expertise in Python to develop a high-performance pixel prediction algorithm. - Utilize image data efficiently for the prediction process. - Present the outcome of the prediction in the form of insightful visual graphs. Desirable Experience: - Extensive knowledge in Python programming - Familiarity with image data processing and analysis - Previous experience in AI and predictive modelling - Proven track record in creating visually appealing and easily understood graphical data presentations...

I am seeking a skilled Android developer to execute a project in Kotlin.

Current Need Bold Digital Vision is currently scaling one of it...least 3 years' significant experience in a JavaScript/JS Framework environment, ideally full stack. • Proficient in Firebase for backend development. • Experienced in frontend development using React. • Comfortable with technologies including JavaScript, React, Git, AWS, • Proficient in using APIs. • Rigorous and motivated with good communication skills. • Ability to work both independently and as part of a team. • Enjoys sharing knowledge and learning from others. • Comfortable working with large volumes of data and parallel processing. Technology Stack: • Languages: JavaScript, HTML, CSS • Backend: Firebase, • Frontend: React • Version...

...web and Android application developers to create an integrated platform for our milk collection and animal food sales business. Your primary responsibilities will be front-end and back-end development for both the web platform and the Android application. Key Responsibilities: Web Platform Development: Develop a user-friendly and visually appealing e-commerce website tailored to our business needs. Focus on efficient milk collection management, advance payment tracking, inventory management for animal food products, and seamless integration between the web and mobile platforms. Android App Development: Create a complementary Android application that enhances user experience and facilitates easy access to our services. Ensure intuitive UI design, smooth navigation,...

I'm looking for a professional who can assist in the following tasks: - Audio Editing: The project involves refining and enhancing the audio for a 15-second commercial advertisement. This includes adjusting volume levels, removing background noise, and ensuring the overall quality of the audio meets industry standards. - Voice Over Recording: The voice over is specifically for a commercial advertisement, so the selected candidate should have a voice that is engaging, clear, and able to convey a persuasive message within a short duration. Ideal candidates should have experience in audio editing and voice over work, especially within a commercial context. Experience in radio advertisements would be a significant advantage. The ability to deliver high-quali...

Note before bids : my budget for whole project is 10$ Requirements Development/ design Socail media website for mobile ( UI / frontend / backend ) Requirements functionalites 1: Design landing page 2: Registration Signup sign-in 3: make profile ( like add picture ) 4: add friends that joined 5: users put anonymously suggestions event 6: system each Day randomly choices randomly event for randomly 2 or more users 7: users that system choice get Web notifications on their mobile devices or email 8: each users see name and picture of the other friend that system choice to do the event with him then accepted or declined the event. 9: the users that pressed decline they lose points the user that pressed accept they get points. Points meaning: system suggest more randomly ev...

I am looking to create an Excel tool that will streamline our disbursement process. The tool needs to handle data entry automation, calculation of disbursement amounts, and generation of disbursement reports. Key Features: - Data Entry Automation: This will help us input info... it should be user-friendly and easy to navigate, even for relatively high-volume transactions. Especially the discrimination of "for invoicing", "forecasted" and work done due" is crucial in a ratio as actual budget available is less than the required budget to satisfy above at 100%. Given that no integration with external systems is needed, a strong background in Excel automation and data processing is essential. Experience with creating similar tools for financial or administrat...

I have already designed a fitness app and need a developer to bring it to life. The app needs to be compatible with both iOS and Android. Key Points: - The primary function of this app is to advise workouts based on weather - I need the app to encrypt user information to ensure privacy and security. - The app should be user-friendly and intuitive. Ease of use is a top priority.

I am looking for an expert who can build a newsletter application sp...peak reading times, and more. 4. Mailchimp Integration: The application must favor seamless integration with Mailchimp, aligning our email marketing efforts. 5. AI generate newsletters. Using an OpenAI API users will be able to generate their newsletters. Ideal candidates for this project would possess profound knowledge of the Bubble no-code platform and demonstrated experience in web app development. Familiarity with Email Marketing platforms, particularly Mailchimp, and analytical tools is highly appreciated. Prowess in creating intuitive, user-friendly interfaces is also crucial for this project. Link to the current website - More documentation will be provide to the selected candidate.

We need an Australian male voiceover artist to provide narration for a 60-second explainer video. Ideal Voice Over Artist: - An Australian accent (male) - The ability to convey a friendly, conversational tone The Task: - Reading an approx 60 second script (the script for this video is already prepared -...an Australian male voiceover artist to provide narration for a 60-second explainer video. Ideal Voice Over Artist: - An Australian accent (male) - The ability to convey a friendly, conversational tone The Task: - Reading an approx 60 second script (the script for this video is already prepared - this will be shared after reviewing your portfolio) The Business: - Car park operator Timings: - Audio clip needed before Tuesday, May 14 Please reach out to us with your voice over ...

Note before bids : my budget for whole project is 10$ Requirements Development/ design Socail media website for mobile ( UI / frontend / backend ) Requirements functionalites 1: Design landing page 2: Registration Signup sign-in 3: make profile ( like add picture ) 4: add friends that joined 5: users put anonymously suggestions event 6: system each Day randomly choices randomly event for randomly 2 or more users 7: users that system choice get Web notifications on their mobile devices or email 8: each users see name and picture of the other friend that system choice to do the event with him then accepted or declined the event. 9: the users that pressed decline they lose points the user that pressed accept they get points. Points meaning: system suggest more randomly ev...

I need an experienced writer to convert an existing piece of work, which is currently more like an OP-ED, into a 10... into a 10-15 page academic article for publication in a forthcoming book. Key Requirements: - The article's main topic is 'Development Diplomacy and Sustainable Development', so the ideal candidate should have a good understanding of these subjects. - The target audience for this academic article is policy makers and government officials, so it needs to be written in a way that's suitable for this demographic. - The citation style of the article should be in APA format, so experience with this style is necessary. The final piece should be well-structured, engaging, and suitable for an academic audience, with a focus on providing valuable...

Requirements: It is required to create a comment system like the one on the following website You can select I had it, I want it, I have it, state, in what season or moment the fragrance should be used, reliability, star rating of the fragrance, gender, price and at the end a written comment. The list of comments shows the icons of each option you have selected, The idea is to make everything the same but with a different appearance. The system must work in WordPress and must be worked on until it is 100% functional. My website is made with Wordpress + Elementor. STEP 2: After having the system completed in its entirety, some comments that are in a json must be imported; they must go to each of the fragrances, which are more than 50k. And now the new comments should be added as n...

I am in search of a qualified freelance developer with experience in creating software for human resources or related fields. The project at hand involves creating a software solution for a comprehensive pre-employment vetting process, specifically focused on background checks. The developed software should be able to facilitate: • Comprehensive Background Checks: The software should have the capability to conduct general background checks on potential hires. • Criminal Record Check: A specific function should cater to conducting checks on applicants' criminal records. • Employment Verification: The software should possess a feature that verifies previous employment records. • Education Verification: There should be a function verifying the educational quali...

As a dynamic...integrates our dealers and customers. We are specifically looking for: - Development on both iOS and Android platforms - User registration and login capabilities - A detailed and well-organized product catalog - A secure and functional shopping cart The app is required to be fully operational within a month, so we prioritize developers with a proven track record of meeting demanding timelines without sacrificing quality. Skillsets crucial to this project include proficiency in cross-platform mobile app development, competency in integrating user accounts and authentication, expertise in setting up eCommerce functions such as product catalogs and shopping carts, and experience in rapid development and testing methods. Let's tra...

I have a video with clear, professional sound that I'd like to improve. My primary goal is to drive website traffic and I'm targeting young adults aged 18-24 specifically. Key aspects of this project include: - **Sound Enhancement:** I'm looking for a skilled audio engineer who can further enhance the sound quality of my video. This should include refining any existing audio, eliminating any unwanted noise or interference and ensuring the overall sound is engaging. - **Conversion Focused Edits:** I also need someone who is familiar with creating high-conversion ads for platforms like meta and google ads. Your job will be to turn this video into an engaging, high-conversion ad that resonates especially well with the target audience of young adults aged 18-24. ...

I'm looking for a freelancer to build me a high-quality, user-friendly e-commerce website. The main focus of this project will be the online store. Therefore, I need ...The main focus of this project will be the online store. Therefore, I need someone who has experience in designing and developing online stores. Specifically, they should be able to: - Implement a user-friendly design that encourages sales and is easy to navigate - Build a platform that can handle a wide range of products and product categories - Ensure the website has a safe and secure payment processing system If you have experience with other successful e-commerce website projects, please provide examples. A strong portfolio will be highly valued. Please indicate your availability and expected timeline fo...

We are engaged in the bag industry import and export supplier of the company, is committed to providing customers with more cost-effective bag production services. Now we need an engineer to help us build a company promotional page, which is required to meet the aesthetics of European and American customers. If you are good at it and interested in this job, welcome to contact me and communicate the design details. Please confirm with a reply starting with Hello World.

I'm in need of an experienced website designer and developer, one with a good eye for visual design, a proficiency in creating sleek and functional corporate websites alongwith logo design. The project at hand is one dedicated to immigration consulting, so a successful attempt will hinge on a background or experience in that, or a similar line of profession. The website should include: - A feature for booking appointments: Users should be able to reserve meeting slots with immigration consultants. An easy-to-navigate booking system is essential, fostering a direct line of communication with potential clients. - Information about Visa types: The website should be an authoritative source of relatable information on all the different visa types. Clear and concise explanations of each ...